Solvents

Aerosols, Correction fluids, Glues, Butane Gas, Dry Cleaning Fluids, Paint Thinners and Strippers, Petrol, Nail Varnish Removers

Any substance that gives of a gas or vapour

Inhalation either directly or using a plastic bag

The inhaled fumes rapidly enter the bloodstream through the lungs and into the brain, causing dizziness, drowsy and feelings of euphoria. It produces feelings like alcohol intoxication and lowering of inhibitions. Some people experience hallucinations. The effects can be felt very quickly and last about half an hour.

Many of the injuries to solvent abusers are accidental. Whilst intoxicated they may fall off buildings, walk in front of cars/trains or into canals. Spraying aerosols directly into the mouth can cause freezing of the airways, which leads to their swelling and causing suffocation. Suffocation can also happen when sniffing with a plastic bag over the head, which may also allow the collecting of vomit, should the user throw up whilst unconscious. Some products weaken the heart causing its failure on exertion. Several cases of severe burns have occurred whilst sniffing lighter fluid, which has subsequently ignited. Long term, heavy solvent abuse may cause permanent damage to the brain, especially its control over movement. Long term abuse can lead to a permanent ‘sniffer’s rash’, conjunctivitis, liver, heart and kidney damage and in extreme cases, brain damage.

Tolerance can develop over a period of time. Physical dependence is thought not to occur, however withdrawal symptoms have been observed in a few cases. Psychological dependence has been seen to occur in people with underlying social/family problems.

Inhaling solvents or possessing them is not illegal. However, it is an offence for a retailer to sell solvents, glues and gases to under 18s if he or she suspects that they will be used for sniffing (Intoxicating Substances (supply) Act 1985). Driving a vehicle or riding a motorbike whilst intoxicated by solvents is an offence.